| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Context: Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disorder and causes of preventable mental retardation in children. Objective: We aimed to review the reported CH-related risk factors systematically. Data Sources: In this review, all types of human studies on the risk factors related to the occurrence or high rate of CH were included. An electronic search was conducted in international and national electronic databases. The following keywords were used: "Congenital Hypothyroidism" AND "risk factor". Study Selection: In this review, 373 papers (from PubMed: 199; Scopus: 36; ISI: 53, SID: 55, Ovid: 11; Science Direct: 19) were identified through electronic database search. A total of 98 articles were assessed for their eligibility, from which 60 qualified articles were selected for final evaluation. Most of the studies have cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective design. Data Extraction: The current review was conducted and reported following the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) statement. Results: Reported risk factors for transient CH were as follows; iodine deficiency and excess, prematurity, advanced maternal age, male gender, retinopathy of prematurity, twin pregnancy, maternal autoimmune thyroid disease, intrauterine growth retardation, and cesarean delivery. Reported risk factors for permanent CH with dysgenesis of the thyroid gland were as follows; female gender, familial history of CH, birth in geographical areas with a high rate of the disease, advanced maternal age, ethnicity (Caucasians), but not seasonality. Reported risk factors for permanent CH with dyshormonogenesis were a familial history of CH and origin of both parents from the high-risk geographical region. Conclusions: By using this information, we could plan more etiologic studies to investigate the pathogenesis of the disorder, design interventional studies for the known modifiable risk factors to reduce the rate of CH in our region. Also, for risk factors with limited evidence, more studies should be performed. |
| نویسندگان مقاله |
| Mahin Hashemipour
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| Payam Samei
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| Roya Kelishadi
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| Silva Hovsepian
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| Neda HaniTabaei Zavareh
Department of Public Health, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, The United States.
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