| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
N-Methyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy is a recreational drug of abuse. It is a synthetic substance that affects the body's systems, which its mechanism of action and treatment should be more investigated. MDMA provides an immediate enjoyable feeling by stimulating the release of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, abnormal regulation of the brain neurotransmitters, as well as the increased oxidative stress causes damage to the brain neurons after the MDMA exposure. Only a few studies have been done regarding its treatment. Thus, the treatment of MDMA complications should be further explored mainly by targeting its mechanism of action in the neurotransmitter systems. Hence, this study presents a short review regarding the recent findings on the role of neurotransmitters to cause MDMA neurotoxicity. The results will be useful for future research in elucidating the potential treatment based on the targeted mechanisms to treat the neurotoxic effects of MDMA. |
| نویسندگان مقاله |
| Nor Suliana Mustafa
Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar
Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Nasir Mohamad
Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Liyana Hazwani Mohd Adnan
Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Nurul Farah Aina Md Fauzi
Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Abdulsoma Thoarlim
Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Omar
Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Mohd Shafiee Hamzah
Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Zawawi Yusoff
Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| Mahdi Jufri
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Indonesia.
| Rashidi Ahmad
Academic Unit of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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