| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction Today, cosmetic surgery is one of the most common surgeries globally, and its use is increasing more than ever. The International Society of Cosmetic Surgery (ISAPS) announced that in 2013, more than 23 million surgical and non-surgical methods were performed in the world. In addition, Iran is one of the 10-top countries of cosmetic surgery in the world. Since cosmetic surgery is mainly done to change people's appearance and increase their self-confidence, so it can be said that cosmetic surgery is the result of a specific psychological pattern. One of the possible psychological variables in cosmetic surgery applicants is negative body self-concept (including thoughts, feelings, tendencies, and memories of the person in relation to the body). Given the ability to control and manage the low negative emotions of people seeking surgery, and the fact that people with low distress levels have difficulty regulating and controlling their emotions when exposed to stress, it may be possible to tolerate confusion (inability to embrace the experience fully). It is considered an annoying and upsetting emotion as one of the possible variables in people applying for cosmetic surgery. The concept of consciousness (a quality of consciousness that is more precisely paying attention to a particular way, that is, purposeful, present, and non-judgmental to the inner and outer world of the mind) is probably related to the structure of the body image or concern for body image and subsequent tendency. Be involved in cosmetic surgery. On the other hand, one of the new therapeutic approaches that are significantly related to the variables of the present study is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Therefore, the current research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the components of distress tolerance, body self-concept, and well-being in women seeking cosmetic surgery. Methods The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and control group. The study's statistical population consists of all women applying for cosmetic surgery who were referred to Shokoofeh Beauty Clinic in the first six months of 2020. Among them, 40 people (20 people for each of the experimental and control groups) were selected by the purposive sampling method and were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The inclusion criteria were an applicant for surgery, a high score in body self-concept, a low score in consciousness, and distress tolerance. The exclusion criteria were comorbid psychiatric disorders, drug use, and absenteeism in more than three medical counseling sessions. The participants in the experimental group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in eight ninety-minute sessions, and the participants in the control group did not receive training. Distress tolerance scale (Simons and Gaher, 2005), Littleton et al.'s Body image concern inventory (2005), and Brown and Ryan Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (2003) were used to collect data. After data collection, the collected data were analyzed by analysis of covariance in SPSS-24 statistical software. Results The mean and standard deviation of the age of subjects in the experimental and control groups, respectively, were 31.76±7.28, 32.44±8.16. In terms of education, in the experimental group, 12 people had diplomas, six people had bachelor's degrees, and two people had master's degrees. Ten people had diplomas in the control group, eight had bachelor's degrees, and two people had master's degrees. Before analyzing the data, the assumptions of multivariable parametric covariance analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data. The results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the variables of distress tolerance (Z=0.91; P=0.18), body self-concept (Z=0.93; P=0.27), and mindfulness (Z=0.85; P=0.24), were not significant and; thus, the distribution of variables follows the normal one (P< 0.05). Also, to test the assumption of homogeneity of variance matrix, covariance box test was used. The results of Box test showed (Box's M=4.76; P=0.512) the significance level is greater than 0.05. Therefore, the assumption of homogeneity of variance matrices is established. The results of the analysis of covariance in Table 3 showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of distress tolerance, body self-concept, and mindfulness. The mean scores of distress tolerance and mindfulness of the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly, and the mean scores of body self-concept of the experimental group compared to the control group decreased significantly. Conclusion According to the results of this study, it can be said that mindfulness-based interventions are a systematic and intensive approach that aims to acquire new types of control and wisdom based on internal capabilities for relaxation, attention, awareness, and insight. Also, due to the effect of this training in increasing the tolerance of distress and consciousness and reducing the negative physical self-concept of cosmetic surgery applicants, the results of research in this field can be used in practice in counseling centers and medical centers so that in these centers, workshops and training courses of mindfulness-based interventions should be considered for counselors and patients. Like other studies, the present study has some limitations. For example, due to the lack of long-term access to the cosmetic surgery applicant, it was impossible to conduct a follow-up period to evaluate the continuity of effectiveness. Also, the sample was selected only from the cosmetic surgery applicant of Shokoofeh Clinic in Tehran, and this issue generalizes the results with caution. In line with the limitations of this study, it is suggested that in order to investigate the long-term effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, follow-up studies are performed, and for further generalizability, research is conducted on a larger sample size of cosmetic surgery applicants. Ethical considerations All subjects who received information about the study could leave the study at any time. They were assured that all information would remain confidential and would only be used for research purposes. For privacy reasons, the subjects' details were not recorded. In the end, all of them received informed consent. Table 1. Results of univariate analysis of covariance on post-test scores of distress tolerance, physical self-concept, and mindfulness Variables Sum of Squares Df Mean Squares F P ETA Distress tolerance 697.01 1 697.01 49.28 0.001 0.68 Physical self-concept 567.32 1 567.32 38.18 0.001 0.51 Mindfulness 602.41 1 602.41 42.15 0.001 0.58 Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines All subjects received information about the study and could leave the study at any time. They were assured that all information would remain confidential and would only be used for research purposes. For privacy reasons, the subjects' details were not recorded. In the end, all of them received informed consent. Authors' contributions Amin Roustaei and Babolah Bakhshi Pour: Defined the concepts in choosing the subject and designing the study. All authors performed a search of the research literature and background. Maryam Koushki and Omid Shokoh Far: Collected and analyzed data. Writing and drafting: Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi and Amin Roustaei. All authors discussed the results and participated in the preparation and editing of the article's final version. Funding No financial support has been received from any organization for this research. Acknowledgments We would like to thank all the staff and clients of Shokoofeh Clinic who helped us in this research. Conflict of interest This study did not have any conflict of interest. |
| نویسندگان مقاله |
امین روستائی | Amin Roustaei
Department of Psychology, Payame Nour University, Tehran, Iran
گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
مریم کوشکی | Maryam Koushki
Department of Psychology, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Iran
گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
سعید یزدی راوندی | Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
مرکز تحقیقات اختلالات رفتاری و سوءمصرف مواد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران
باب الله بخشی پور | Babolah Bakhshi Pour
Department of Counseling, Payame Nour University, Sari, Iran
گروه مشاوره، دانشگاه پیام نور، ساری، ایران
امید شکوه فر | Omid Shokoh Far
Physician, Managing Director of Skin, Hair and Beauty Clinic, Tehran, Iran
پزشک، مدیر مسئول کلینیک پوست، مو و زیبایی، تهران، ایران
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