Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a public health issue associated with a complex interaction of biopsychosocial factors. Electroencephalography (EEG)( Neurofeedback) is one of the methods used to assess and treat psychological factors associated with pain and increase awareness of the activity of different parts of the brain.
Objective: The aim of the present clinical trial was to investigate the effectiveness of NFBT exercises on psychological variables (pain, disability and kensiophobia) in women with chronic CNSLBP.
Methods: This study is a clinical trial. Forty females with CNSLBP were recruited for the clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided to two experimental and control groups (Each group 20 patients). The experimental group received NFBT for 8 weeks. Pain intensity, disability and kensiophobia were assessed via theVisual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index and Tampa Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to ensure the data normal distribution (P > 0.05). Covariance test was used to compare results between groups.
Results: The results showed that the neurofeedback training had a significant difference in reducing of   Pain (p = 0.000, ƞ2 = 0.693), disability (P= 0.005, ηp2= 0.253) and Kinesiophobia (P= 0.000, ηp2= 0.904).
Conclusion: The NFBT lead to a reduction in the perception of pain intensity, disability and Kinesiophobia. but they do not address the underlying cause of pain in this group of patients; instead, they only modulate the response to pain sensation processing.