| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Background and aim: Childbearing and fertility is the result of the couple's joint decision and desire. Attitude is one of the most important factors in childbearing and a mechanism that affects the time of parenthood in many theories related to childbearing. Attitude is actually the readiness to respond to a situation and this issue is important for intention and action. Various factors, including marital quality, can affect people's attitudes towards having children. A good marital quality is the most important condition for a satisfactory and stable relationship between husband and wife, and the strength of the family. Therefore, the impact of couples' relationships on childbearing should also be considered. The marital quality, as a successful performance of marriage, is an important aspect predicting the continuity, stability and stability of marriage. The desired marital quality is not only necessary for couples, but also for children and society. although the effect of the marital quality on fertility and childbearing behavior of couples is clear and explicit, but it is not clear whether its effect is positive or negative, and according to the conflicting results of the studies conducted on this issue, as well as the lack of investigation of the effect of the marital quality on the attitude towards childbearing and fertility, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the attitude towards childbearing and fertility with the marital quality of women referring to selected health centers in Kashan city in 2021.
Method: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2021 on 280 married women aged 15 to 49 who referred to selected health centers in Kashan . Sampling was a multi-stage method. In the first stage, each area of Kashan city was considered as a class, then in each class, health care centers were considered as clusters, which includes a total of 18 comprehensive health service centers, and in the next stage, a number of clusters were randomly selected in accordance with each class, and then the number of eligible samples allocated from each center was entered into the study in a continuous manner. The data were collected by demographic, marital quality modified form (RDAS) and attitude towards child bearing and fertility questionnaires. The criteria for entering the study include being Iranian, the age range of 49-15 years, being literate, not having any contraindications for pregnancy, having no children or having one child, and the exclusion criteria include providing incomplete information and completing incomplete research questionnaires. Questionnaires were completed by self-reported subjects in selected comprehensive health service centers of Kashan after obtaining consent and providing explanations Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) . Descriptive statistics (calculation of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) were used to describe the data,Pearson's correlation coefficient tests, t test, variance analysis, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to analyze the data. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Findings: Women with an average age of 29.97 ± 6.48 years participated in this research, and most of them were in the age group of 25-29 years (27.9%). The average score of the attitude towards childbearing and fertility in the women was 71.64±15.33, where the dimension "child as a pillar of life" has the highest mean (69.41±21.23) and the dimension "fertility requires the fulfillment of prerequisites" has the lowest mean (25.18±18.37). The average marital quality in the women was 52.52±10.94, which dimension of agreement has the highest average (81.58±15.28) and cohesion dimension has the lowest average (58.45±24.01). The marital quality showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the attitude towards childbearing and fertility (p=0.001). marital quality had a statistically significant relationship with wife's education (p=0.001) and husband's education (p<0.001), spouse's employment status (p=0.002), number of pregnancies (p=0.011), number of children (p=0.027). A two-by-two comparison showed that the marital quality in women with a master's degree or higher was significantly higher than those with a bachelor's degree (p<0.001), diploma (p=0.002) and bachelor's degree (p=0.043). Also, a two-by-two comparison showed that the marital quality in women whose husbands were employees was significantly higher than those who were workers (p=0.002) and also had freelance jobs (p=0.012). Also, the marital quality in women who were not pregnant was significantly higher than women who had 2 or more pregnancies (p=0.008). The average marital quality in women without children was significantly higher than women with only one child. The attitude towards childbearing and fertility has a statistically significant relationship with the number of pregnancies (p=0.004), the number of children (p=0.006) and the employment status of the woman (p=0.025). The attitude towards childbearing and fertility was higher in single-child women than childless women. A two-by-two comparison showed that the attitude towards childbearing and fertility in women who were not pregnant was lower than women who had one pregnancy (p=0.003) and women who had two or more pregnancies (p=0.007). Also, housewives had a higher attitude towards childbearing and fertility than working women (p=0.022).
Conclusion: Based on the results, with the increase in the marital quality, the attitude towards childbearing also increases. The marital quality showed a statistically significant relationship with all aspects of the attitude towards childbearing, except for the dimension "fertility requires the fulfillment of prerequisites".The dimension of marital quality agreement has had a statistically significant correlation with the three dimensions of children as a pillar of life, children as an obstacle and postponing fertility to the future (p<0.05), but it has not had a statistically significant correlation with the fertility dimension that requires the fulfillment of prerequisites. The dimension of satisfaction with the marital quality has had a statistically significant correlation with all dimensions of attitudes towards childbearing and fertility. The cohesion dimension of the marital quality has a statistically significant correlation only with the dimension of postponing marriage to the future. cohesion dimension of the marital quality has an inverse relationship with the fertility requires the fulfillment of prerequisites dimension, although this relationship is not statistically significant. the attitude towards childbearing and fertility was higher in single-child women than in childless women, and the number of children has the greatest effect on the attitude and willingness to fertility. Considering the role of demographic factors such as the level of education and employment of the participants, it is possible to plan and make policies in this area on interventions that lead to the improvement of the marital quality; had special attention
Key words: attitude, childbearing, fertility, marital quality
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| نویسندگان مقاله |
هما صادقی اول شهر | Homa Sadeghi Asvalshah
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران.
نرجس نجاتی فر | Narjes Nejatifar
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
لیلا امینی | Leila Amini
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت های پرستاری و مامایی، گروه مامایی ، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران.
زهره سادات | Zohreh Sadat
Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
مرکز تحقیقات پرستاری تروما ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، ایران
شیما حقانی | Shima Haghani
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران.
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