| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Background and objective: Based on natural geography of Iran, not considering the effects caused by floods, they can have irreparable damage to lives and property. Although in many parts of this country, rainfall is low, 60% of the annual rainfall occurs in a day. Hence, it seems that one of the most challenging issues is rain- induced flood. Studying of flooding in Tehran Province as a capital and one of the metropolises is essential. The position of Tehran on the slopes and mountains and existence of flood plains causes rain- induced flood becomes one of a major concerns almost in all seasons and is the subject of this paper. In many parts of the world, disasters such as floods cause the death of many people and extensive losses. In Iran, the effects of floods are not less than earthquakes. Thus, lack of attention to the floods can cause human and financial losses. One of the most common reasons is rainfall, among all causes and origins of floods. In other words, although rainfall is low in many cities of Iran, most of the annual rainfall often occurs in one day. This factor and formation of Iranian cities on steep slopes have led major concerns about floods in almost all seasons. It appears that it is necessary to examine the flooding caused by rainfall in Tehran as the capital and one of the metropolises of Iran. Method: Accordingly, this paper tries to apply descriptive- analytical research method. With this purpose and for reducing casualties and damages and for risk reduction in this area (Tehran Province), descriptive- analytical research method was selected. In this regard, required plans were prepared in GIS software and data have been collected through the study of documents, books, essays and articles. In other part of research, 3 major maps such as hazard map, vulnerability map and risk map were prepared and analyzed. Findings: The aims are response, minimizing losses of lives and properties, safety, security and minimizing the risk of flooding due to rainfall, especially in Tehran. Therefore, the required plans were prepared in Arc GIS software. Moreover, the data were collected through studying documents, books, essays and articles. Then, according to risk map, the critical area against flooding due to rain was selected as a case study for this paper. Conclusion: In the following, SWOT was written and SWOT analytical diagrams such as coordinate axes and adaptation diagrams were drawn. The overall result of this paper is strategic and policies which are deduced based on SWOT analyses to deal with flooding due to rainfall. This research concludes that wrong location, inattention to river route and settlement in flood zones causes that rain- induced flood become a major threat. Unfortunately, according to population density in Tehran, risk of flooding due to rainfall, is an important threat. Thus, planning and policies about land allocation in river zones should consider risk maps and the damages of outburst. Also, the development of settlements and any construction activity require knowing about hazard zones and the threats of rivers. |