| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction : Elderly is a fact which is referred as aging tsunami or elderly overpopulation in the future years. In the view of World Health Organization, as the elderly population grows, we will have to face the crisis of aging population and fundamental challenge in 21st century. In recent decades in the field of Psychology, Medicine, and Social Sciences, extensive research has been conducted on the life quality of the elderly. The life quality of the group as a social issue the core of which is formed by health, is investigated by mental/ objective and individual/collective and physical/social dimensions. But since the life quality and its indicators are a complex, multidimensional and vogue concept, because for different people the importance and value of each of life dimension varies, seeing contradictions and differences as well as common points among studies necessitates a meta-analysis, revision and combination of findings in order to achieve a common analysis over the life quality of the elderly and its various dimensions. Method: exploring and revealing the logical connection of influential factors and key indicators through comparative study of twenty (scientific & research) articles by measuring the effect size of factors and independent variables toward achieving new and more comprehensive results and removing future impediments and improving the life quality of the elderly. Findings: in response the main question of the present study, by measuring the effect size of factors and variables having greatest impact on the life quality of the elderly, three social, cultural indicators and population variables related to independent variables, optimism training and life expectancy (83%), non-institutional social participation (77%), physical and mental health (75%), religious attitudes and religiosity (76%) were determined which had great influence. Social support, social solidarity, life satisfaction and underlying factors (demographics), in particular age and qualification have been affective moderately. Discuss & conclusion: According to World Health Organization, life quality is quite subjective which is not observable by the others and will be based on an understanding of the various aspects of the life and should be studied by qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the influential factors. Among studied researches, only one qualitative research (from phenomenological point of view) has studied the life quality of the elderly (Hamrahzadeh, 2017), and most of studies has been done in a quantitative way. In previous studies, most influential mental factors (mental dimension) were the life quality, and as most of investigated studies have addressed the mental dimension of the life quality with different indicators affected on the life style of the elderly, consequently the objective dimensions of life quality have been neglected in most of studies, in case of any distinction between objective and subjective indicators in the life quality of the elderly, the objective and subjective indictors have not been investigated separately in conclusions. Since elderly and aging threshold in 70-75 years old or more is completely conventional and depends on individual differences and changes throughout social life. For the purpose of studying the life quality of the elderly to achieve more accurate results and analysis, it is necessary to consider them in special age groups, e.g. younger elderlies with 60-74 years old and elderlies in 75-90 years old (Zanjani & coworkers). Part of the quality of life of the elderly is related to the pre-elderly age and part of which is related to the elderly age. Therefore, formulation and execution of comprehensive plans to maintain and promote the health and life quality in the society shall be initiated looking ahead to have a healthy aging population and elderly lifetime like other developed countries in the world. Keywords: effect size, elderly, life quality, mental & objective dimensions , meta-analysis,. Effective factors and effect size and intensity and frequency of classes and frequency percent of the investigated studies Row Effective factors on life quality of the elderly Size of combined effects Intensity Frequency Percent 1 Social support (official/non-official) 0.538 Average 4 40 2 Social participation (non-institutional) 0.778 High 2 20 3 Demographic factors (population) age/qualification 0.455 Average 10 100 4 (physical/mental)health 0.750 High 7 75 5 Life satisfaction (life quality/mental dimension) 0.428 Average 2 20 6 Social sodality (social health) 0.418 Average 2 20 7 Self-efficiency 0.147 Low 1 10 8 Spiritual factors, religious attitudes and religiosity 0.76 High 2 20 9 Optimism training & life expectancy 0.83 High 2 20 10 Physical activity (business, sport, free time) 0.59 Average 2 20 11 Economic & social base 0.377 Average 2 20 According to above table, the intensity of positive attitude training factors (optimism) and life expectancy, Spiritual Psychotherapy and religious attitude, (non-institutional) social partnership and (physical and mental) health are indicated more effect on life quality of the elderly. Also in most of studies, demographic (population) factors of age and qualification have had positive effect. Procedure and dimensions of life quality of the elderly and investigated indicators of previous studies Procedures Dimensions of life quality of the elderly Indicators of previous studies Objective/subjective Objective Subjective Economic (financial independence, income, house & employment) Cultural (spirituality and perfectionism, personality characteristics, thinking positive, mental well-being, stress & depression, loneliness, vitality) Individual/collective Individual Collective Activity( efficiency, physical health, sport & physical activity, interpersonal communication) Collective interactions (local community, sport/ group and recreational activities, relation with relatives, children & others) Social/global Social Global Social health, social partnership, solidarity & social cohesion, social trust, social security, social capital, social support Life satisfaction, mutual respect from others, enjoyable life Agent-oriented/ structuralism Agent-oriented Structuralism Individual needs (nutrition, employment, skills training & health cares, sport and physical activities) Economic job security, citizenship & social support, social common relationships & links, social interdependence In the investigations, most of studies have used combined theories in their theoretical model. And theoretical procedures in micro and macro levels have addressed the life quality of the elderly. The indicators and main factors of life quality of the elderly based on dual approaches and its dimensions among investigated articles by objective/subjective, individual/collective, social/global, agent-oriented/structuralism dimensions and are extractable and searchable through comparative and multiple revisions. |