| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Abstract Introduction: With the expeditios growth of urban population in developing countries, slum- as a social predicament and problem- has impeded the urban management of these countries. From this viewpoint, and by doing multiple researches, the researchers of different courses in Iran have tried to survey the grounds of formation and growth of this phenonmenon, and also its consequences and effects. Regarding the nature of the topic, a remarkable variety is observed in the 'statement of the problem' and 'methodology'. This paper is to be systematically reviewed in the past two decades in the field of slum, a critical assessment of how to face field researchers, including the, geography and management. The systematic review method in this study provides the opportunity to conduct a descriptive and analytical survey of them with reflections, questions, methodology, theoretical framework and other selected paper characteristics. The findings of this review show that there is no consensus about the term" " in Iran, and there is little effort to offer a public acceptance definition. It is obvious that in the design of related issues, it has caused a quantitative approach to the dominant approach of active researchers in this field. Method: A method of achieving such a goal is one of the common methods for reviewing past research, a systematic review, which is a secondary study and analysis of previous studies. Systematic reviews provide useful and concise summaries of a given subject on a particular topic, and, contrary to the traditional approach to reviewing articles, such as early research, follow strict and rigorous principles. Their approach is quite systematic and their methodology is pre-designed in the systematic review protocol. Findings and Discussion The review of studies and research carried out in the slum area suggests that most researchers believe that the informal slum and settlement in Iran, in the emergence and then expansion, affected by the arrival of oil deposits, and especially the oil boom of the 1930s and 1340s have been. In this period, the injection of oil revenues led to massive changes in the way of life and consumption in Iran. Subsequently, land reform was another stimulus that brought villagers into the adventures of the city. Cities have become more differentiated and more differentiated from the villages by increasing the amount of services and diversity, and the place where the aspirations of more generations seemed to come. The middle class grew in these new places, and farmers, peasants and rural farmers who did not want or could not remain in their former habitat settled as newcomers to the suburbs and urban fringes. On the other hand, in the context of the studies conducted in the field of informal slum, it can be noted that, until a decade ago, there was a predominantly engineering and managerial discourse, and insisted on solving the problems and problems of slum areas through the definition and Implementation of construction projects was prioritized. Engineers, as part of their study, implementation, and evaluation, paid less attention to the views of social scientists in these areas, considering their top-down solutions to save on the challenges of living in these areas. The dominant narrative of the slum in Iran is that this type of settlement, life and experience on the margins of the major cities of the country, without any support and social and cultural considerations, are formed in an irregular manner. The slum areas are an appropriate place for crime and focuses on the formation of delinquent and distracting groups, and the best way to deal with it is to expand the urban service umbrella and to address the infrastructure problems of those areas. Subsequently, with the arrival of more sociologists, the study of the phenomenon of slum of the keywords in the social sciences became more important, and the purely physical views, based on the analysis of the status and land use, with emphasis on lexical expressions such as village-to-city migration, and theories related to intercultural culture The social and cultural aspects of living in marginal neighborhoods were also considered. This entry has also led to a modification of the views of these neighborhoods, and many organizations and institutions active in this area have radically changed their strategies and moved to focus on addressing the basic needs of the inhabitants of these neighborhoods in a people's empowerment strategy. Empowerment strategy has a process approach instead of a momentary view of the needs of the people, while encouraging people's participation in various economic, consensus and cultural activities, provides them with key skills in achieving the goals and goals of success in society. . On the other hand, in previous studies, the vague boundaries of "slum" vocabulary between the words "slum", "Slum dweller", "getto", " Shanty town ", "getto", which used to be commonplace Have not been clearly and precisely identified with current widely used vocabularies such as "informal settlements" and "slum", and in many cases these terms are used interchangeably. The majority of studies have also suggested that improving the situation of slum in Iran provides a balanced service for those individuals and believes that if the government improves its performance in distribution of services among neighborhoods and urban areas, much of the challenges for slum people will be resolved. Became While in these studies, attention is not paid to the other causes of inequality in these neighborhoods, and only the weakness of the state servicing is the main factor in the formation and expansion of the physical environment of marginal neighborhoods. On the other hand, in most of these studies, the stereotypical presumption of slum and higher crime rates are accepted from the average of other urban neighborhoods, while it should be noted that it is not necessarily slum, distorted, and delinquent. . The slum people, like other groups in the city, are faced with specific challenges and problems, and are affected by living conditions and lack of many services related to infrastructure, education and health, and there are definitely more difficulties to survive. have. In general, the dominant views on slum were critically examined by the Critical Point of View, and the aim was to make the most important theoretical structures of these views clear and, if necessary, to provide an opportunity for revision. |