Background: Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is a frequently utilized as food preservative. While it is generally acknowledged to be safe, there have been concerns regarding its potential impacts. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium metabisulfite on the hormonal levels, ovarian and uterine histology, and oxidative stress markers in female Wistar rats.
Methods: Twenty-four adolescent female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups of siz rats each: Group 1 (control) received 0.5mL normal saline; Group 2 was given 100 mg/kg SMB; Group 3 received 300 mg/kg SMB; and Group 4 was administered 500 mg/kg SMB. The administration was done orally over 28 days, followed by euthanasia for tissue collection. Blood samples were collected to assess the serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), while ovary and uterus tissue samples were harvested for malondialdehyde (MDA) assays and histopathology. For histopathology, we used haematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid schiff staining.
Results: The administration of SMB at doses of 300 and 500mg/kg had a notable impact on the hormone levels, particularly FSH and LH. The SMB doses also resulted in disrupted histo-architecture and altered glycogen expression in ovaries and uteri, as observed by histological examinations. Furthermore, SMB at 500mg/kg led to a significant increase in the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde.
Conclusion: The SMB treatment affected FSH and LH levels, influencing ovarian and uterine structures. Disrupted structure and raised oxidative stress imply reproductive health risks. Further research is needed, including the effects of SMB on glycogen and FSH status.