| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction: The aim of this study was to Investigative on Career Choice Model based on SCCT in Iranian high-school students. investigate on Predicting of interests and occupational consideration in Iranian high school students and for this, examined of interests and Choice Models in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). This models attention to role of personal factors (self-efficacy and outcome expectations) and social factors (social barriers and social supports) in shape of interests and occupational consideration. SCCT was developed to understand the processes that people form their interests, make choices, achieve performances of varying quality, and persist at academic and career relevant endeavors. Based on Bandura’s (1986) general self-efficacy theory and Hackett and Betz’s(1981) Career Self-efficacy Theory, SCCT focuses on interaction among person, environmental, and behavioral influences in academic and career development. Among personal variables, this theory emphasizes the central role of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals. SCCT is equally concerned with variables, such as environmental supports and barriers. Much of the extant SCCT research has operationalized the content of people's career interests or choices using RIASEC theme. Holland (1985, 1997) divides both people and environments into some combination of six interest domains. These six domains are hexagonally organized, and include Realistic (e.g., outdoors, mechanical), Investigative (e.g., science, math), Artistic (e.g., art, language), Social (e.g., helping, teaching), Enterprising (e.g., selling, business) and Conventional (e.g., details, clerical), collectively known as RIASEC. SCCT consists of four interrelated models of interest development, choice-making, performance, and satisfaction. Key variables in SCCT’s choice model include self-efficacy, outcome expectations, interests, environmental supports and barriers, and choice goals and actions. more research involving non-Western samples, collectivist cultures, and developing countries is needed. Method: Samples were 650 Iranian high school male students that selected by cluster sampling from male high schools in Isfahan city in Iran. Participants completed measures of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, interest and occupational consideration and social supports and barriers across the Holland (1997) RIASEC themes: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional. In present study, examined the fit of the choice model(Lent et al., 1994), (which incorporates the interest model(Lent et al., 1994)) across the RIASEC themes, testing SCCT’s specific hypotheses that (a) self-efficacy is predictive of outcome expectations; (b) self-efficacy and outcome expectations jointly predict interests; (c) self-efficacy and outcome expectations predict students’ choice consideration (goals), both directly and indirectly, through interests; and (d) social supports and barriers account for unique variance in choice consideration, above and beyond the other predictors. Also, tested Bandura’s (1999, 2000) hypothesis that environmental supports and barriers are linked to choices indirectly through self-efficacy. Findings: For examine of fit of model was used Amos, that results showed integrated interest-choice model fit the data well across RIASEC themes. Indexes of CFI, GFI, AGFI, NFI, RMSEA was good for the model. Results showed that self-efficacy and outcome expectations jointly predict interests, and interests mediate the relations of self-efficacy and outcome expectations to occupational consideration. Social supports related to occupational consideration indirectly (through self-efficacy) rather than directly unless in R type. in this study, path from outcome expectations and interests to occupational consideration were significant, but path from self-efficacy to occupational consideration was low and non-significant. Results showed that interest did mediate the relations of self-efficacy and outcome expectations to occupational consideration across RIASEC themes, also to self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests. Findings showed path coefficients from social supports and barriers to occupational consideration were small and non-significant across RIASEC themes. Discussion: The fitness of this model in this study was good similar to studies in Portugal (2010) and in Italy (2003) by Lent et al. according to SCCT’s choice model hypotheses (Lent et al., 1994), self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests each relate directly to choice. In present study, path from outcome expectations and interests to occupational consideration were significant and was similar to choice model hypotheses, but path from self-efficacy to occupational consideration was low and non-significant. SCCT’s choice model also specifies that interests partially mediate the relations of self-efficacy and outcome expectations to choice. Results showed that interest did mediate the relations of self-efficacy and outcome expectations to occupational consideration across RIASEC themes. In addition to self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests, SCCT assumes that environmental supports and barriers play important roles relative to choice goals. Findings of present study do not support these hypotheses and path coefficients from social supports and barriers to occupational consideration were small and non-significant across RIASEC themes. In theory of Bandura (1999, 2000) had assumed that environmental factors are related to goals indirectly through self-efficacy. This finding showed that indirect paths from social supports to self-efficacy were significant unless in R type and indirect paths from social barriers to self-efficacy were non-significant that Bandura hypothesis found partial support. The implications of these findings for further research on the non-Western culture validity of SCCT are considered. The base of research on SCCT is expanding across cultural and national |