| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Objectives: This article explains and articulates a social problem that is murder. Murder is a type of criminal homicide that is the unlawful killing of another human person with malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries. Homicide refers to the act of killing another human being that consist two kinds: Criminal homicide and Noncriminal homicide. Criminal homicide is a mala in se crime, and every legal system contains some form of prohibition or regulation of it. Noncriminal homicide is not always a crime. Sometimes the law allows homicide by allowing certain defenses to criminal charges. One of the most recognized is self defense, which provides that a person is entitled to commit homicide to protect his or her own life from a deadly attack. Here, attempted analysis homicide and study its causes by using depth method. Method: The Multiple Case Study is method for study in this research that is one forms of case study. A case study is an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident. Statistics society includes all of prisoners in Tehran prisons that indicted murder. However in this method there aren't sampling in common form, but try to select modal type. This sample include four cases that one woman and three man. The level of analysis is micro and the unit of analysis is individual. In study with use tactics such construct validity, internal validity and external validity tested research design. Finding: In order to explanation of murder used Chalabi Deviance Theory. This theory begins definition of behavior. The behavior is function of four elements: opportunity, need, expectation and meaning. Whenever combination these elements shaped like below occurs deviance: 1) Level of opportunity is low or high, 2) Needs be high, 3) Social expectation from individual is high or low and so 4) Meaning be ambiguous and irrational. This research indicates relation between economic, political and cultural opportunities with murder is a parabola shape (Reverse U). Economic Opportunities (EO) include settlement, job, clothing and food. Political Opportunities (PO) contain safety, freedom and external control. Also Social Opportunities (SO) contains primary, secondary and community relationship. The role of economic opportunities than other variables is too significant and prominent. Moreover, any increase in material, political, social and cultural needs causes increase at murder. Also the relation between homicide and expectation of society and family is U reversing shape. Impression of inequality is an important factor in study that is cased easy at perpetration of murder. Result: However, this research display Chalabi Deviance Theory (CDT) is a comprehensive and useful theory at the study of deviances particularly murder, but must that distinct between cold murder and passion murder |