| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction: The role of good governance as a key to development effectiveness has been emphasized in recent years. It has been argued that merely allocating public resources for the right goods and services may not lead to desirable outcomes if budget institutions–involving budget formulation, execution and monitoring–are malfunctioning. In other words governance is central in determining the efficacy of public spending. The majority of these studies show that improved governance leads to better development outcomes. So that, there is the close relationship between governance and broader development outcomes such as infant and maternal mortality, life expectancy at birth, year of schooling, etc. Given the poor state of health services in developing countries due to poor management on the part of government policies, low investment in social sectors such as health, the purpose of the study, "Effects of governance quality index based on health indicators during the period 1996 to 2014 for the countries of south-Western Asia. Poor budget management have frequently been cited as one of the main reasons why governments in developing countries find it difficult to translate public spending into effective services. A reasonable proposition, therefore, can be made: managing public resources to promote health sector -outcomes requires well- trained, skillful personnel, working in an institutional setting with an incentive system that reduces fraud and promotes cost efficiency. These studies have -analyzed the effects of corruption and institutions on other variables including economic growth, public investment, and social infrastructure. It can be said It can be said that governance indicators (including voice and -accountability-, political ability and violence, government effectiveness, regulatory burden rule of law and graft) have a strong direct negative impact on infant mortality. Method: The present research is a case study with an econometric approach aimed to put the social and economic theories in the field. The causal relationships between variables can be analyzed by using figures. As the current study conducted in some countries and data governance published since 1996, it is limited to the number of years that series econometrics could not be used for them. Econometric methods using panel data were used to estimate the models. Moreover, time series data was used to estimate the 21-year period from 1996 to 2014 via Stata12 software. Estimation using panel data has several advantages over purely cross-sectional estimation. So that, working with a panel allows taking into account how public spending on health and governance over time within a country may have effect on the country's health care system performance. Panel dada yields more degrees of freedom by adding the variability of time series dimension. Based on economic and econometric reasoning, data availability and previous studies on health outcome, the specification we adopt here is a fixed effects model. Also used data from a sample of 43 Southwest Asia countries1. Annual data on each country was collected for the time period covering 1996 and 2014. The criterion for selecting the countries is based on the availability of data. Data governance from Worldwide Governance Indicator (2014) and, other data are obtained from World Development Indicator (2014). Findings: According to the result of this research it can be stated that index of Quality of governance index on the indicators of the health sector in selected countries in Southwest Asia by calculating a weighted average of indicators of good governance based on the Guni and Duncan (2004), Quality of governance and its impact on the sector indicators is discussed. Four components including infant mortality rate, mortality rate of children under 5 years, life expectancy at birth and crude death rates have been used as indicators of the health sector. The results show that in all four models, governance quality index has a significant effect on the components of health sector development. In other words, it should be stated that countries with better governance in the health sector and health status are more efficient. Discussion: In this paper, the effect of good governance on health sector indicators over the period 1996-2014 using the Hunino model (2014) 1996 is based on the panel data technique. Regarding the statistical results, it can be stated that the promotion of governance indicators and the improvement of health expenditure and education of the health sector by governments, more than the econometric and statistical results show, affect the actual variables of the health sector. Therefore, it can be said that with consideration The six indicators of governance, measured by the quality governance index (with these indicators), have had a greater impact on health outcomes. This has led to a reduction in the mortality rate and consequently an increase in life expectancy at the non-fitness. Also, the results The effect of the role of gross domestic product as a benchmark for per capita income Which affects health sector indicators. Also, the disadvantage of the region in terms of adult education and its impact on health can be seen as a serious effort by educational institutions to eliminate illiteracy from these communities. Also, given that the growth of urbanization in developing countries is inevitable, taking into account The positive impact on the indicators of this section should not be ignored by the positive dimensions of this variable, that is, by planning appropriately for controlling and directing the migrant population from rural to cities and marginal concerns, which is the negative aspect of this case, can improve indicators This section will help. |